Big history explains the past ,and gives us,knowledge about collective learning. Collective learning is the increase in complexity over time as ideas and knowledge are preserved, spread and built up upon among communities. This happened because Greek merchants and colonists followed in the footsteps of Alexander and spread Greek language, art, religion, philosophy, and law throughout much of the region. The development of the Silk Roads is also an example of another key theme in Big History – evolving complexity at all scales. It is a very prominent broad trend that sweeps across all human history. 3–30). Silk Roads Studies Series. Big History and Collective Learning. This helped facilitate the emergence and spread of Mahayana (or Great Vehicle) Buddhism, partly because the scriptures were now written in a language the common people could understand, and not one that could be read only by religious elites (Benjamin 2013). Collective learning is a complex concept that is variously defined. Collective Learning Agriculture Expansion and Interconnection The Modern Revolution The Little Big History of Watches References Reference Part 2 Big History From the Beginning of time to the world we know today. The first important period of the Silk Roads was between roughly 50 BCE and 250 CE, when material and intellectual exchange took place between the Chinese, Indian, Kushan, Iranian, steppe-nomadic and Mediterranean worlds. After 1492, goods, ideas, peoples, crops, animals, and diseases were shared between the world zones. From the very beginning of human history the exchange of information and ideas between diverse peoples and cultures has been a prime mover in promoting change through this process of collective learning. Half a century after the Han began to engage with their western neighbors, Augustus came to power in Rome following a century of civil war. (eds. But collective learning likely goes back more than 50,000 years ago. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vol. At the same time, in Eurasia, new types of tools and new kinds of art and sculpture started to emerge. In the same way that the early universe was simple until contingent circumstances made it possible for more complex entities to appear, and that the relatively simple single-cell organisms of early life on the planet were able to evolve into an extraordinary, complex biodiversity, so human communities and the connections between them followed similar trajectories. The primary function of the Silk Roads was to facilitate trade, but the intellectual, social, and artistic exchanges that resulted had an even greater impact on collective learning. An example of collective learning can be seen when a lioness teaches her cubs to hunt. What Big History can do is show us the nature of our complexity and fragility and the dangers that face us, but it can also show us our power, with collective learning." The more knowledge we have the … Collective learning, one of the most important threshold moments plays a huge role in the story of gunpowder. To this day Buddhism remains one of the great cultural bonds shared by millions of Asian people, one of the many legacies that the modern world owes to the Silk Roads. ( Log Out /  Silk Roads Studies Series (pp. Prior to the success of pastoralists in these more marginal zones, agrarian civilizations were considerably more isolated from each other. The Silk Roads are the quintessential example of the interconnectedness of civilizations during the Era of Agrarian Civilizations, and the exchanges that occurred along them resulted in the most significant collective learning so far experienced by the human species. During the Era of Agrarian Civilizations (c. 3000 BCE – 1750 CE) human communities did not exist in isolation. The key to this ability is the fact that humans communicate using symbolic language. Why collective learning? The Silk Roads also illustrate another key theme in Big History – evolving complexity at all scales. 261–305). In return for their high value-exports, the Chinese imported a range of agricultural products (including grapes), Roman glassware, art objects from India and Egypt, and horses from the steppes. Worrall, S. 2003. Only with the biological evolution and then human domestication of the silk worm and the Bactrian camel did the Chinese have an export commodity valuable enough, and a transport mechanism hardy enough, to justify and facilitate the expensive and complex expeditions necessary to allow the Chinese merchants to join the pre-existing Afro-Eurasian exchange network. Start studying Big History Threshold #6: Early Humans and Collective Learning. In western Eurasia, the major land route departed from the great trading cities of Roman Syria, crossed the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, then climbed across the Iranian Plateau toward Afghanistan (then known as Bactria). Christianity eventually spread further to the east along the Silk Roads, through Mesopotamia and Iran, into India, and eventually into China. It would appear that collective learning plays a direct mechanistic role in increasing the level of free energy rate density and also the number of available cultural variations and technological innovations. Little big history of the pencil: Home of the pencils Threshold 1 The big bang Threshold 2 Stars light up Threshold 3 New chemical elements Threshold 4 Earth and the solar system Threshold 5 Life on Earth Threshold 6 Collective learning Threshold 7 Agriculture Threshold 8 Modern revolution Threshold 9 The future Contact About In 65 CE, Roman Senator Pliny the Elder wrote that trade with Asia was draining the treasury of some 100 million sestercii every year (Ibid. The winds blow reliably from the southwest in summer, allowing heavily laden trade ships to sail across the Indian Ocean from the coast of Africa to India. Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. XXV. Video: The Common Man. 2013: 177–178). First Silk Roads Era (c. 50 BCE – c. 250 CE). Collective learning increases when there is greater diversity within a network Rule 3 Uneven distributions of information produce uneven distributions of power and wealth Positive feedback cycles compound the effects of these three rules, accelerating collective learning Collective learning worked differently in the world zones. BIG HISTORY PROJECT / LESSON 6.2 ACTIVITY 2. Bentley, J., and Zeigler, H. 2010. Tag: Collective Learning. From the very beginning of human history the exchange of information and ideas between diverse peoples and cultures has been a prime mover in promoting change through this process of collective learning. Collective learning is sharing information from an individual to another as well as passing it down from generation to generation. Through collective learning humans adapt to our environment without changing genetically. Turnhout: Brepols. The commingling of so many goods, ideas, and diseases around a geographical hub located deep in central Eurasia was the catalyst for an extraordinary increase in the complexity of human relationships and collective learning, a complexity that drove our species inexorably along a path towards the modern revolution. The trans-civilizational contacts that occurred through this exchange resulted in the most significant collective learning so far experienced by the human species. Plagues and People. In Christian, D., and Benjamin, C. ), Pattern of the Past: Studies in Honor of David Clarke (pp. Despite the complexity and fluidity of these processes, the slow linking up of different agrarian civilizations was immensely important because it facilitated a dramatic expansion in the size and diversity of collective learning, which can be described as the human capacity to share ideas so efficiently that they accumulate in the collective human memory from generation to generation. : 176). The Silk Roads, both the land and maritime variants, are the quintessential example of the interconnectedness of civilizations during the Era of Agrarian Civilizations. Ironically, Silk Roads trade itself was at least partly responsible for this disengagement, because it contributed to the spread of disastrous epidemic diseases. Like Buddhism, Manichaeism was particularly attractive to merchants, and eventually most of the major Silk Roads trading cities contained Manichaean communities (Christian et al. Even though Pliny's figure is undoubtedly exaggerated, it provides evidence of the incredible scale of Silk Roads commercial exchanges. Collective learning Scale What is Big History? Turnhout: Brepols. An early example of intellectual exchange, which took place before the Silk Roads had started to operate with real intensity, was the spread of Greek and Hellenistic culture from the Eastern Mediterranean to Central Asia and India. Little Big History Project: threshold 6: The next threshold I chose was collective learning because every species must grow and evolve by learning from each other. Its founder, Mani (216–272 CE) was a fervent missionary who traveled extensively throughout the region and also dispatched disciples. Their use of collective learning made them an important force for change in Little Big History. Arts and humanities Big History Project 6. By the middle of the first millennium BCE, a number of large pastoral nomadic communities had emerged with the military skills and technologies, and the endurance and mobility, to dominate their sedentary agrarian neighbors. Collective learning worked differently in the world zones. ), Kanishka I, Kushan Dynastic Religion, and Buddhism. Native to the steppes of Central Asia, the two-humped Bactrian camel is a supreme example of superb evolutionary adaptation. Each category of exchange was important, but perhaps the most significant consequence was the spread of religion, particularly Buddhism, which became one of the key ideological and spiritual beliefs of South and East Asia during the Era. Benjamin, C. 2009. The most influential of the intensified Afro-Eurasian exchange networks emerged around a trading hub located deep in Central Asia, along the Silk Roads. When Zhang Qian returned after an epic journey of twelve years, he convinced the emperor that friendly relations could be established with many of the states of the ‘Western Regions’ because they were ‘hungry for Han goods’ (Benjamin 2007b: 3–30). 8.2 Commerce and Collective Learning 2 3 In the final essay of a four-part series, David Christian explains how advances in communication and transportation accelerated collective learning. Buddhism first emerged in northern India in the sixth century BCE. This was true within each of the individual world zones, although not between them. The cargo also included large quantities of standardized inkpots, spice jars, and jugs, clearly export goods manufactured for specific markets. Second Silk Roads Era c. 600 – c. 1000 CE. Benjamin, C. 2007a. It is important to look at how collective learning ties into the broader Big History themes developed by Eric Chaisson and Fred Spier: the rise of complexity in the Universe and energy flows. Collective Learning COLLECTIVE LEARNING SNAP JUDGEMENT We have to look at the following statements and quickly decide whether they are true or false. Advances in transportation, communication, and road systems also helped to increase connections and increase collective learning. As the smaller exchanges of the Early Agrarian Era began to expand, the enhanced collective learning that followed led to more and more significant changes in the material, artistic, social, and spiritual domains of human history. Angelina Kreger, BHP Teacher Michigan, USA The Little Big History (LBH) project is the culminating learning event of the Big History course. The Han iron was prized in Rome for its exceptional hardness. These huge demographic losses, which happened at the same time as the decline of previously stable agrarian civilizations (the Han Dynasty disintegrated in 220 CE, the Kushan and Parthian Empires collapsed under pressure from Sasanian invaders a decade or so later, and the Roman Empire experienced a series of crises throughout the first half of the third century) meant that, for the next several centuries, the prevailing political situation in many parts of Afro-Eurasia was not conducive to large-scale commercial exchange. convened an important meeting in Kashmir at which the decision was taken to rewrite the Buddhist scriptures in a more popular and accessible language. An Introduction to Kushan Research. Extensive internal road networks were constructed, great advances were made in metallurgy and transport technology, agricultural production was intensified, and coinage appeared for the first time. Activity 6.2.1 Review Course Glossary Activity 6.2.2 Objectives Reading: Early evidence of collective learning Activity 6.2.2 Review Course Glossary Activity … Traditions and Encounters. Hungry for Han Goods? Our curiosity and our ability to cooperate and collectively learn are the essential ingredients in the Big History story of us. An example of cultural exchange that led to enhanced collective learning was the spread of artistic ideas and techniques, particularly the diffusion eastwards of syncretistic sculptural styles that developed in the second century CE in the workshops of Gandhara (in Pakistan) and Mathura (in India), where the first ever representation of the Buddha was conceived (Ibid. The borders of agrarian civilizations were more often vague regions within which the control of rulers fluctuated or was contested by the claims of neighbors or local rulers. Connecting the four world zones posed many challenges, but after 1400, innovation and collective learning took a giant leap forward. Donate or volunteer today! Up Next. to grow the collective learning of the time. k.bir@mail.ru, Globalistics and globalization studiesBig history & global history, In Memoriam: Robert L. Carneiro (1927-2020), 6th International Scientific Congress “Globalistics-2020”: “Global issues and future of humankind”, A new volume: A Big History of Globalization. It can also tell us much about the impact of these zones coming together. The Great Deliverer, the Righteous, the Just, the Autocrat, the God, Worthy of Worship. Keywords: complexity, collective learning, demographic cycles, … Benjamin, C. 1998. Humans and Collective Learning. in collective learning. Early Humans 6.2—Collective Learning. The religion also later found ready acceptance in Korea, Japan, Tibet, Mongolia, and Southeast Asia (Benjamin 1998, 2009). Also critical in facilitating these exchanges were the pastoral nomads, who formed communities that live primarily from the exploitation of domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, camels, or horses. New York: McGraw-Hill. Benjamin, C. 2007b. Change ). As smallpox devastated the Mediterranean world late in the second century, populations declined again, to perhaps 40 million by 400 CE. peruch@mail.ru ‘Made in China’. Vol. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Humans use collective learning in their everyday life in order to communicate, and establish society as it is today. After a slow 7 million years of evolving, developing bipedalism, collectively … By 166 CE, the Han emperor himself was sacrificing to the Buddha, and the Sutra on the ‘Perfection of the Gnosis’ was translated into Chinese by 179 CE. Collective learning to a certain degree distinguishes us as Through collective learning we are able to distinguish different people and establish a social structure. Borders that we identify on maps are, for the most part, modern inventions. With these preconditions in place, it was the decision by the Han Chinese to begin to interact with their western neighbors and engage in long-distance commerce that turned small-scale regional trading activity into a great trans-Afro-Eurasian commercial network. The Kushans in World History. VIII. Volgograd, Russia 6.2—Collective Learning. In Gervers, M., and Long, G. In Gervers, M., and Long, G. Project Overview. One branch of Christianity, Nestorianism, became particularly strong throughout the central and eastern Silk Roads. There were varying degrees of nomadism, ranging from groups that had no permanent settlements at all to communities like the Andronovo that were largely sedentary and lived in permanent settlements. In China, populations fell from perhaps 60 million in 200 CE to 45 million by 600 CE (Bentley and Zeigler 2010: 282). The primary function of the Silk Roads was to facilitate trade, but the intellectual, social, and artistic exchanges that resulted had an even greater impact on collective learning. The animal that made Silk Roads trade possible in the eastern and central regions of Afro-Eurasia was the Bactrian camel. Working as a team, decide what Polo is describing in the passage and how you came to that conclusion. Big History Collective Learning 8 Public Lectures (Feb - May 2017) Big History: A Scientific Narrative of Changes from the Big Bang to Modern Society The Emerging Universe, Life and Human Society By the middle of the last century BCE, conditions in Afro-Eurasia were ripe for levels of material and cultural exchange – and collective learning – hitherto unknown (Benjamin 2009: 30–32). With its promise of salvation, Buddhism seriously challenged Daoism and Confucianism for the hearts and minds of many Chinese, and in the end the syncretic faith of Chan Buddhism (Zen Buddhism in Japan) emerged as a popular compromise (Christian et al. Vol. The output from these workshops reflects the sort of synthesis typical of the intensity of collective learning during the Era of Agrarian Civilizations. Other species do not have the symbolic language skills to enable collective learning. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. II. By the late fourth century, during a period of disunity in China, much of the population of northern China had adopted Buddhism, and by the sixth century much of southern China as well. Once such communities emerged, they facilitated the linking up of all the different lifeways and communities. Zhang Qian and the Origins of the Silk Roads. Such knowledge is institutionalized in the form of structures, rules, routines, norms, discourse, and strategies that guide future action. Since wolves/dogs were so intelligent humans used that to their advantage and once domesticated they were able to learn off each other through their actions and behavior. Collective learning is sharing information from an individual to another as well as passing it down from generation to generation. One of the distinctive ideas of big history is that of collective learning.David Christian describes collective learning in this way in his Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History:. The comingling of so many goods, ideas, and diseases around a geographical hub located deep in central Eurasia was the catalyst for an extraordinary increase in the complexity of human relationships and collective learning, a complexity that helped drive our species inexorably along a path towards the modern revolution. The primary function of the Silk Roads was to facilitate trade, but the intellectual, social, and artistic exchanges that resulted had an even greater impact on collective learning. The Yuezhi. Collective Learning Acoustic guitars tie into the collective learning threshold because without collective learning, the guitar wouldn't have been invented and evolved The history of the acoustic guitar can be traced back to about 1400 BC and it is used to make all types of music The Chinese merchants active in the silk trade became attracted to the faith, too, and returned home to spread the Buddhist message. Let’s look at one particular type: those based on improve- ments in the way information is exchanged, stored, and circulated within networks — in essence, innovations having to … Collective learning is the ability to share information so efficiently that the ideas of individuals can be stored within the collective memory of communities and can accumulate through generations. Collective Learning (Part 1) Why Human Evolution Matters. This is often called collective learning. The Big History timeline has multiple ideas form all sorts of times. One idea is passed from one person to the next, and is improved upon. And thats how collective learning ties into big history. It shows how dinosaurs from 100 million years ago are connected to why you and I are here today. On a Big History course, ... with collective learning." 2013: 180). RAPID ACCELERATION By David Christian COLLECTIVE LEARNING 3. Plough and Pastoralism. This opportunity allows students to investigate the history of an item or commodity through multiple thresholds and various disciplines. (eds. Big history is a giant web, instead of a straight time-line. Delicately made stone tools may have appeared 200,000 years ago. As with the first Silk Roads Era, although the material exchanges were important and impressive, the cultural exchanges seem in retrospect of even greater significance. These confederations demonstrated the ability of pastoral nomads to prosper in the harsh interior of Afro-Eurasia. Big History examines our past, explains our present, and imagines our future. It is sometimes used as a global term for everything that is cooperative, collaborative, etc. 6.4 Humans (CK) Projects Feedback 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2 Quiz Lesson Resources: Activity 6.2.1 Objectives Video: What makes humans different? You'll find every chapter full of great activities to keep you entertained and test your learning. In short, the idea of collective learning, for all its simplicity, predicts the long trend to increasing social complexity that we find in human history. Humans are cable of doing this because of our powerful brains and language. About: My name is … Unit 9: Collective Learning (Part 4) 1. The Silk Roads also illustrate another key theme in Big History – evolving complexity at all scales. By maintaining relatively cordial relations with Romans, Parthians, Chinese, Indians, and the steppe nomads, the Kushans were able to play a crucial role in facilitating the extraordinary levels of cross-cultural exchange that characterize this first Silk Roads Era. STUDENT MATERIALS CULTURE AND COLLECTIVE LEARNING DEBATE Purpose In this activity, you’re asked to think about collective learning and its relationship to culture. Crash Course Big History takes a look at Humans, one of the weirdest examples of change in the Universe. Human language… allows more precise and … Volleyball is a great example of collective learning, and also is very relevant to the idea of change over time. This is the currently selected item. ( Log Out /  31–50). Big History and Collective Learning. The dhow was filled with tens of thousands of carefully packaged Tang ceramic plates and bowls, along with many gold and silver objects. 1981. Intelligence gained through collective learning often leads to power. Practice: Quiz: Collective Learning. Collective learning, one of the most important threshold moments plays a huge role in the story of gunpowder. An idea that arose from a desire to go beyond specialized and self-contained fields of study to grasp history as a whole. Decorative patterns painted or glazed on the various items – including Buddhist, Iranian, and Islamic motifs – show the specific market the goods were intended for. Christian, D., Brown, C. S., and Benjamin, C. 2013. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Eventually within the Afro-Eurasian world zone in particular, every human community was connected together within a vibrant web. The 66-year-old American-born academic is now a professor at San Diego State University … Around for only 250,000 years, we are truly one of the most complex things in the cosmos. It helps explain why the zones had such different histories. Large numbers of Muslim merchants actually moved to China where they joined communities of Byzantine, Indian, and Southeast Asian migrants in the great Chinese trading cities. BIg History project (Elements) - Ajay Pursram Tuesday, 6 December 2016. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Humans use collective learning in their everyday life in order to communicate, and establish society as it is today. The more knowledge we have the more we are able to develop our society. The highly mobile, militarized pastoralism of Inner Asia, associated with the riding of horses by the Saka/Scythians and other groups, probably did not emerge until early in the first millennium BCE (Christian et al. Collective learning is the ability to share, preserve, and build up on ideas over time. As maritime trade gradually eclipsed overland trade in volume, merchants and sailors from all over Afro-Eurasia flocked to the great southern port cities of Guangzhou and Quanzhou (Christian et al. Collective learning is the distinctly human ability to share and preserve knowledge, the ability that allows us to build on ideas over time and advance at a rapid rate in comparison with other species of animals. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2013: 180–181). At the same time, Arab merchants, benefiting from the stable and prosperous Abbasid administration in Baghdad, began to engage with Chinese merchants in lucrative commercial enterprises. 2013: 174–175). Through collective learning humans adapt to our environment without changing genetically. The firing date of the bowls was carefully noted in the ship's manifest. To survive the harsh winters, the camel grows a long, shaggy coat, which it sheds extremely rapidly as the season warms up. The Thresholds are sections that summarize a time of the Universe. Their almost factory-like manufacture demonstrates the existence of a well-organized commercial infrastructure. We all descended from a common shrew-like ancestor. Big history is a giant web, instead of a straight time-line. Geography made it possible for the first agrarian civilizations of western Eurasia and northeastern Africa to form cultural and commercial connections, but geography also prevented Chinese civilization from joining these developing networks in any substantive way. 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